The SI “second” is realized by caesium primary frequency standards (PFSs) using laser cooled atoms in a fountain configuration. Four sub systems and operation procedure of the NTSC-F1 primary frequency standard are introduced in the paper. The frequency stability of NTSC-F1 is 3.0×10-13/τ-1/2 compared to hydrogen maser. Four terms of frequency shift and uncertainty including second order Zeeman frequency shift, cold collision shift, gravity shift and blackbody shift are evaluated. The improvement of NTSC-F1 is introduced.